42. Optics (for optical properties of gases, see 51.70; for optical
properties of condensed matter, see 78)
42.15.-i Geometrical optics
42.15.Dp Wave fronts and ray tracing
42.15.Eq Optical system design
42.15.Fr Aberrations
42.15.Gs Other topics in geometrical optics
42.25.-p Wave optics
42.25.Bs Wave propagation; transmission and absorption (for radiowave
propagation, see 41.20.J and 84.40.C; for propagation in atmosphere,
see 42.68.A; see also 52.40.D, N--in plasma physics)
42.25.Fx Diffraction and scattering
42.25.Gy Edge and boundary effects; reflection and refraction
42.25.Hz Interference
42.25.Ja Polarization
42.25.Kb Coherence
42.25.Lc Birefringence
42.25.Md Other topics in wave optics
42.30.-d Imaging and optical processing
42.30.Kq Fourier optics
42.30.Lr Modulation and optical transfer functions
42.30.Ms Speckle and moire patterns
42.30.Rx Phase retrieval
42.30.Sy Pattern recognition
42.30.Tz Computer vision; robotic vision
42.30.Va Image forming and processing
42.30.Wb Image reconstruction; tomography
42.30.Yc Other topics in imaging and optical processing
42.40.-i Holography
42.40.Eq Holographic optical elements; holographic gratings
42.40.Ht Hologram recording and read-out methods (see also 42.70.L Holographic
recording materials; optical storage media)
42.40.Jv Computer-generated holograms
42.40.Kw Holographic interferometry; other holographic techniques (see also
07.60.L Interferometers)
42.40.Lx Diffraction efficiency, resolution, and other hologram characteristics
42.40.My Applications
42.40.Pa Volume holograms
42.50.-p Quantum optics (for lasers, see 42.55 and 42.60; see also 42.65
Nonlinear optics, 03.65 Quantum mechanics)
42.50.Ar Photon statistics and coherence theory
42.50.Ct Quantum statistical description of interaction of light and matter;
related experiments
42.50.Dv Nonclassical field states; squeezed, antibunched, and sub-Poissonian
states; operational definitions of the phase of the field; phase
measurements
42.50.Fx Cooperative phenomena; superradiance and superfluorescence
42.50.Gy Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and
amplification of light
42.50.Hz Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems;
multi-photon processes; dynamic Stark shift (for multiphoton
ionization and excitation of atoms and molecules, see 32.80.R, and
33.80.R, respectively)
42.50.Lc Quantum fluctuations, quantum noise, and quantum jumps
42.50.Md Optical transient phenomena: quantum beats, photon echo, free-
induction decay, dephasings and revivals, and optical nutation, and
self-induced transparency
42.50.Vk Mechanical effects of light on atoms, molecules, electrons, and ions
(see also 32.80.P and 33.80.P Optical cooling and trapping of atoms
and molecules)
42.55.-f Lasers
42.55.Ah General laser theory
42.55.Ks Chemical lasers (for chemical laser kinetics, see 82.40.T)
42.55.Lt Gas lasers including excimer and metal-vapor lasers
42.55.Mv Dye lasers
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.55.Rz Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.55.Vc X- and gamma-ray lasers
42.55.Wd Fiber lasers
42.55.Xi Diode-pumped lasers
42.55.Ye Raman lasers (see also 42.65.D Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS)
42.60.-v Laser optical systems: design and operation
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.60.Gd Q-switching
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern
formation
42.60.Lh Efficiency, stability, gain, and other operational parameters
42.60.Mi Dynamical laser instabilities; noisy laser behavior
42.60.Pk Continuous operation
42.60.Rn Relaxation oscillations and long pulse operation
42.62.-b Laser applications (for LIDAR, see 42.79.Q)
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
42.62.Cf Industrial applications
42.62.Eh Metrological applications (see also 06.20 Metrology, 06.30
Measurements common to several branches of physics and astronomy)
42.62.Fi Laser spectroscopy
42.62.Hk Other applications
42.65.-k Nonlinear optics
42.65.An Optical susceptibility, hyperpolarizability (see also 33.15.M Electric
and magnetic moments, polarizability and magnetic susceptibility of
molecules)
42.65.Dr Stimulated Raman scattering; CARS
42.65.Es Stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
42.65.Hw Phase conjugation, optical mixing, and photorefractive effect
42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing, and thermal blooming
42.65.Ky Harmonic generation and frequency conversion
(see also 42.79.N Optical frequency converters)
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching (see also 42.60.G
Switching and pulsing; 42.79.T Optical computers, logic elements,
interconnects, switches; neural networks)
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
(see also 42.60.G Switching and pulsing)
42.65.Sf Dynamics of nonlinear optical systems; optical instabilities,
optical chaos, and optical spatio-temporal dynamics
42.65.Tg Optical solitons; nonlinear guided waves
(for solitons in fibers, see 42.81.D)
42.65.Vh Other nonlinear optical phenomena
42.65.Wi Nonlinear waveguides
42.65.Yj Optical parametric oscillators and amplifiers
42.66.-p Physiological optics
42.66.Ct Anatomy and optics of eye
42.66.Ew Physiology of eye; optic-nerve structure and function
42.66.Lc Vision: light detection, adaptation, and discrimination
42.66.Ne Color vision: color detection, adaptation, and discrimination
42.66.Qg Scales for light and color detection
42.66.Si Psychophysics of vision, visual perception; binocular vision
42.68.-w Atmospheric optics
42.68.Ay Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer (see
also 92.60.T Interaction of atmosphere with electromagnetic waves;
propagation)
42.68.Bz Atmospheric turbulence effects (see also 92.60.E Convection,
turbulence, and diffusion)
42.68.Ca Spectral absorption by atmospheric gases (see also 94.10.G Absorption
and scattering of radiation)
42.68.Ge Effects of clouds and water (see also 92.60.J Water in the atmosphere,
92.60.N Cloud physics)
42.68.Jg Effects of aerosols (see also 92.60.M Particles and aerosols)
42.68.Kh Effects of air pollution (see also 92.60.S Air quality and air
pollution)
42.68.Mj Scattering, polarization (see also 94.10.G Absorption and scattering
of radiation)
42.68.Sq Image transmission and formation
42.68.Wt Remote sensing, LIDAR, and adaptive systems
42.70.-a Optical materials (for materials science, see 81; for optical
properties of bulk materials, see 78.20)
42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz
42.70.Df Liquid crystals (for structure of liquid crystals, see 61.30)
42.70.Gi Light-sensitive materials
42.70.Hj Laser materials
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.70.Km Infrared transmitting materials
42.70.Ln Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
42.70.Mp Nonlinear optical crystals
(see also 77.84 Dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric
materials)
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and
semiconductor materials
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.72.-g Optical sources and standards (for lasers, see 42.55; see also 07.57.H
in instruments)
42.72.Ai Infrared sources
42.72.Bj Visible and ultraviolet sources
42.79.-e Optical elements, devices, and systems (for integrated optics, see
42.82; for fiber optics see 42.81)
42.79.Ag Apertures, collimators
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms, and mirrors
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
42.79.Dj Gratings (for holographic gratings, see 42.40.E)
42.79.Ek Solar collectors and concentrators (see also 84.60.J Solar cells and
arrays)
42.79.Fm Reflectors, beam splitters, and deflectors
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers (for fiber waveguides and waveguides
in integrated optics see 42.81.Q and 42.82.E, respectively)
42.79.Hp Optical processors, correlators, and modulators
42.79.Jq Acousto-optical devices (see also 43.38.Z - in acoustics appendix)
42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices (see also 85.60.P Display
systems)
42.79.Ls Scanners, image intensifiers, and image converters (see also 85.60
Photoelectric and optoelectronic devices and systems)
42.79.Mt Schlieren devices
42.79.Nv Optical frequency converters
42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors
(see also 85.60.G Photodetectors)
42.79.Qx Range finders, remote sensing devices; laser Doppler velocimeters,
SAR, and LIDAR (see also 42.68.W Remote sensing; LIDAR, and adaptive
systems)
42.79.Ry Gradient-index (GRIN) devices (for fiber GRIN devices, see 42.81.H)
42.79.Sz Optical communication systems, multiplexers, and demultiplexers
42.79.Ta Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural
networks
42.79.Vb Optical storage systems, optical disks
(see also 42.40.H Hologram recording and readout methods)
42.79.Wc Optical coatings
42.79.Yd Other optical elements, devices, and systems
42.81.-i Fiber optics
42.81.Bm Fabrication, cladding, and splicing
42.81.Cn Fiber testing and measurement of fiber parameters
42.81.Dp Propagation, scattering, and losses; solitons
42.81.Gs Birefringence, polarization
42.81.Ht Gradient-index (GRIN) fiber devices
42.81.Pa Sensors, gyros
42.81.Qb Fiber waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.81.Wg Other fiber-optical devices (for fiber lasers, see 42.55.W)
42.82.-m Integrated optics
42.82.Bq Design and performance testing of integrated-optical systems
42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.82.Ds Interconnects, including holographic interconnects (see also 42.79.T
Optical computers, logic elements, interconnects, switches; neural
networks)
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays (for fiber waveguides see 42.81.Q)
42.82.Fv Hybrid systems
42.82.Gw Other integrated-optical elements and systems
42.86.+b Optical workshop techniques
42.87.-d Optical testing techniques
42.87.Bg Phase shifting interferometry (see also 07.60.L Interferometers)
42.87.Ch Other optical testing techniques
42.88.+h Radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems
42.90.+m Other topics in optics